Distance learning literature review

Distance learning literature review

The research studies chosen for this literature review focused on attitudes of faculty teaching via distance learning and more specifically, the perceptions that faculty have regarding motivators and inhibitors of teaching via online distance learning. Three main databases were employed to search for relevant research blogger.com by: distance learning, ACCLAIM commissioned a review of the literature to determine best practices. A review of research and expository articles on distance education was conducted, with a restriction to post articles. Mathematics distance education course articles were an additional focus in online distance education (Johnson et al., ; Thompson & Porto, ). In the review of the literature, it is observed that the relevant studies focus on a single component of distance. adult education. For this reason, it seems significant to create a framework and explore current

Literature Review – Faculty Participation in Online Distance Education: Barriers and Motivators

Megan Ennes 1 and Imani N. Lee 2 1 Department of Natural History, University of Florida, 2 College of the Arts, University of Florida. Distance learning has become an important tool in many fields of education. Museums, like other educational institutions, have been offering distance learning programs to their audiences for more than 30 years. This scoping study examined the published literature related to distance learning programs in museums to inform future research in this field.

Searches were conducted in three academic databases in addition to journal hand searches. This resulted in unique citations associated with distance learning in museums.

Of these, 17 articles met the criteria for inclusion in the study, distance learning literature review. Forwards and backwards searches resulted in the addition of two books. A search of the research hosted by the Center for Advancement of Informal Science Education resulted in one additional study for a total of 20 manuscripts.

Upon analysis, four major themes were identified. Each of these themes is described and areas for future research are identified. Future work should move beyond the predominately evaluative case studies and pursue larger questions about how future research might support museums as they continue to design and implement online programming.

This may include exploring best practices in museum-based distance learning and how to develop effective professional development opportunities for the educators engaged in these programs. Such research will enhance museum-based distance learning programs so that they can continue to support global learners. Interest in distance learning programs has increased since the outbreak of COVID and the global closure of schools Butcher, distance learning literature review, There is a wide range of definitions for distance learning due to technology changes over time and differences in implementation Moore et al.

There have been many studies on the benefits and challenges of distance learning e. One of the major strengths of distance learning is the increased access for audiences who may otherwise face barriers to education. While much research has been carried out on distance learning at the university level e. While museums are important spaces for learning, there are still concerns about access. For adults who are interested in visiting museums but do not, access e, distance learning literature review.

To reach broader audiences, some museums have begun offering distance learning programs. These programs allow museums to increase their reach through technology that is becoming more ubiquitous Kraybill, During the COVID school closures, the United States suddenly transitioned from supporting nearly one million students enrolled in online learning to more than 55 million students Butcher, Distance learning literature review than creating new content, schools were encouraged to partner with organizations, such as museums, already offering online materials Butcher, Since the outbreak of COVID, museums have increased their online offerings, however, many museum educators are not confident in their ability to produce high-quality online materials Ennes, As more museums begin offering online programs, there is a need to examine the current research regarding distance learning in museums.

This article provides an overview of the current literature surrounding distance learning in museums and areas in need of further research. This study was guided by the following research questions:. The purpose of this study was to establish a foundation for future work examining distance learning in museums, distance learning literature review. For example, this review was used to inform a study of distance learning in museums before and after museum closures due to COVID See Ennes, For this study, a distance learning program was defined as any museum program conducted by an educator via the Internet with audiences at offsite locations.

Additionally, digital games and educational apps designed by museums were not included in the search as they provide no engagement with an educator. Additionally, scoping reviews clarify definitions and map the major concepts surrounding a topic Peters et al. This study began in September with a search of the following multidisciplinary electronic databases: Web of Science, EbscoHost, and Eric ProQuest.

Keywords were identified based on literature identified for a previous study Ennes, The following keywords were used: museum, combined with one of distance learning, distance education, virtual field trip, or virtual fieldtrip. The variations on the term virtual field trip were included because some early articles referred to distance learning programs as virtual field trips e. However, any article that referred to a virtual field trip in the form of a static, self-directed online tour of a museum or other location was excluded e.

This search led to an initial field of papers with 13 duplicates for a total of potential articles. Following the database search, we conducted three journal hand searches Alexander, distance learning literature review, We identified a total of 10 journals to be hand searched.

While it did not show up in the journal search, the Journal of Museum Education was added to this list for a total of 11 Table 1. The journal hand search resulted in 54 potential articles with 10 repeated articles for a total of 44 new articles; 17 were kept for a full distance learning literature review based on the criteria outlined in Figure 1. To broaden our search, we did a third search for additional journals that might publish articles on distance learning or museums.

Of these potential journals, distance learning literature review were selected as relevant to the study Table 2. From these 22 journals, potential articles were assessed by reading their title to identify whether they were relevant to the study.

Two of the articles were repeats from previous searches and none of the remaining papers were relevant to the study. The first author read each of the paper titles as well as the abstracts of any that appeared to fit the study.

A total of 53 articles were identified for a full article read based on their abstract. Both authors read all 53 articles and identified 17 articles for inclusion in the study Table 3. Figure 1 illustrates the search process based on the PRISMA statement e.

Following the first read for inclusion, distance learning literature review, a backwards and forwards search for each of the 17 articles was conducted in Google Scholar. This resulted in the identification of two books on distance learning written by Crow and Din The books should also be considered by others who want to learn more about a wider range of digital opportunities for museums.

Finally, a search was conducted in the research archives on the Website for the Center for the Advancement of Informal Distance learning literature review Education CAISE. CAISE aims to advance the field of informal science education through infrastructure, resources, and building connections between stakeholders CAISE, n.

The search for distance learning with research as a limiter identified 13 potential articles. Of these 13 results, only two were related to the subject. Using an inductive approach Thomas,the authors individually re-read and coded five of the articles The authors came together to discuss themes and develop a codebook.

Once the codes were developed, the authors coded each of the articles. They then discussed each article until they came to a consensus about the codes. For example, some case studies simply described how they designed their programs without any data to support their decision making or argument for a particular strategy.

The manuscripts included in this scoping review are outlined in Table 3. The programs described distance learning literature review these studies predominately focused on K school programs, K students in out-of-school settings, teacher professional development, and adult learners Table 3, distance learning literature review. In addition to constructivism, Crow and Din offered a range of alternative theories that might be considered when developing distance learning programs including media theory, distance learning literature review, cognitive theory, as well as situated and distributed cognition.

Crow and Dinalso described various types of online learning museums could engage in such as blogs, distance learning literature review, Websites, and online courses. As the articles in this study spanned the period from toa wide range of technology was described. Two articles discussed the importance of buying specialized computers and webcams e. Hardee and Duffin discussed the transition from expensive, specialized equipment towards the use of free technology, but they felt that the distance learning literature review software options were not sufficiently advanced.

However, newer articles discussed the ease of distance learning literature review readily available and free or no-cost technology e. Bowen included the technology and other resources leveraged to develop the new programs. While not specifically a how-to article, Mitchell and colleagues included guiding questions a museum should ask before developing a distance learning program. The article recommended museums think critically about the resources they already have in place that they can use e.

Crow and Distance learning literature reviewalso offered guiding questions institutions should consider when developing distance learning programs. In all, the books and articles agreed that, while an institution should think critically about its ability to offer distance learning programs, there distance learning literature review many benefits to doing so. Crow and Din suggested that online learning offered new ways to connect and communicate with people who might not be familiar with the museum, increasing the possibility for future interactions on a much larger scale.

Additionally, distance learning programs allowed museums to use media and other technological resources that may not be appropriate in the physical museum Din, Several studies also discussed the opportunity to increase engagement with their visitors through distance learning programs Bell et al.

Bell and colleagues discussed the opportunities museums have to engage their visitors in authentic science through distance learning programs. The manuscripts in this set spanned toleading to a wide range of expected changes related to the implementation of distance learning programs. Bradford and Rice suggested that distance learning programs be offered at odd hours, distance learning literature review, thus allowing educators to make better use of their time.

Crow and Din described the qualities they believed online educators needed to possess to be effective. helping to establish social presence encouraging active participation In addition to collaborating with their colleagues, museums are taking advantage of partnerships with other organizations to support their distance learning programs.

The theme of partnerships was identified in 12 manuscripts Bell et al. Additionally, distance learning programs create collaborative teaching and learning environments, which can be mutually beneficial for all partners Sanger et al. Partnerships with Other Museums. While Crow and Din briefly describe the utility of partnering with other museums, Coquillon and Staples shared insight into their experience with museum partnerships.

Partner museums hosted regional summits where students could watch the program taking place in Washington D. Another partnership included bringing in college students to act as moderators in the discussion forum. Partnerships with Universities. Partnerships between museums and universities allowed both to leverage the resources of the other Bell et al. This type of partnership is frequently driven by increased interest in community science also known as citizen science and a desire for more university-based public outreach Bell et al.

Bell and colleagues discussed a partnership between the Center of Science and Industry COSI and The Ohio State University OSU. Together they developed.

What Is A Literature Review?

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(PDF) Distance Education Literature Review | Jennifer Banas - blogger.com

in online distance education (Johnson et al., ; Thompson & Porto, ). In the review of the literature, it is observed that the relevant studies focus on a single component of distance. adult education. For this reason, it seems significant to create a framework and explore current Apr 12,  · study, external study, distance learning, distance instruction and distance teaching, although the terms are not synonymous (Keegan, ). For the purposes of this literature review, the suitable term for the form of education and the educational environment to be discussed is