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Ghostwriter - Wikipedia
A ghostwriter is hired to write literary or journalistic works, speechesor other texts that are officially credited to another person as the author. Celebrities, executives, participants in timely news stories, and political leaders often hire ghostwriters to draft or edit autobiographies, memoirs, magazine articles, or other written material. Memoir ghostwriters often pride themselves in "disappearing" when impersonating others since such disappearance signals the quality of their craftsmanship.
Screenplay authors can also use ghostwriters to either edit or rewrite their scripts to improve them. Usually, there is a confidentiality clause in the contract between the ghostwriter and the credited author that obligates the former to remain anonymous.
Sometimes the ghostwriter is acknowledged by the author or publisher for his or her writing services, euphemistically called a "researcher" or "research assistant", but often the ghostwriter is not credited. Ghostwriting research paper ghostwriter simply "ghosting" also occurs in other creative fields.
Composers have long hired ghostwriters to help them to write musical pieces and songs; Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is an example of a well-known composer who was paid to ghostwrite music for wealthy patrons. Ghosting also occurs in popular music. A pop music ghostwriter writes lyrics and a melody in the style of the credited musician. In hip hop music, the increasing use of ghostwriters by high-profile hip-hop stars has led to controversy.
A consultant or career-switcher may pay a ghostwriter to write a book on a topic in their professional area, to establish or enhance credibility as an 'expert' in their field. Public officials and research paper ghostwriter employ "correspondence officers" to respond to the large volume of official correspondence. A number of papal encyclicals have been written by ghostwriters.
A controversial and scientifically unethical practice is medical research paper ghostwriter, where biotech or pharmaceutical companies pay professional writers to produce papers and then recruit via payment or as a perk other scientists or physicians to attach their names to these articles before they are published in medical or scientific journals.
Some university and college students hire ghostwriters from essay mills to write entrance essays, term papers, theses, and dissertations. This is largely considered unethical unless the actual ghostwriting work is just light editing. Ghostwriters are hired for numerous reasons. In many cases, research paper ghostwriter, celebrities or public figures do not have the time, research paper ghostwriter, discipline, or writing skills to write and research a several hundred page autobiography or "how-to" book.
Even if a celebrity or public figure has the writing skills to pen a short article, they may not know how to structure and edit a several hundred page book so that it is captivating and well-paced.
In other cases, publishers use ghostwriters to increase the number of books that can be published each year under the name of well-known, highly marketable authors, or to quickly release a topical book that ties in with a recent or upcoming newsworthy event.
Ghostwriters will often spend from several months to a full year researching, writing, and editing non-fiction and fiction works for a client, and they are paid based on a price per hour, per word or per page, with a flat fee, a percentage of the royalties of the sales, research paper ghostwriter, or some combination thereof. One such market is the shorter book, best represented at the moment by Amazon's Kindle Singles imprint: texts of 30, words and under.
Writers on the level of Ian McEwan have celebrated this recent change, research paper ghostwriter, mainly for artistic reasons. It was once financially impractical for publishers to produce such novella-length texts they would have to charge too much ; but this new market is, research paper ghostwriteralready substantial and has been projected to be a solid part of the future of book publishing, research paper ghostwriter.
On the upper end of the spectrum, with celebrities that can all but guarantee a publisher large sales, the fees can be much higher. A recent availability also exists, of outsourcing many kinds of jobs, including ghostwriting, to offshore locations like India, China, and the Philippines where the customer can save money. In some cases, ghostwriters are allowed to share credit. Sometimes this is done in lieu of pay or to decrease the amount of payment to the book ghostwriter for whom the credit has its own intrinsic value.
Also, the ghostwriter can be cited as a co-author of a book, or listed in the movie or film credits when having ghostwritten the script or screenplay for film production. For nonfiction books, the ghostwriter may be credited as a "contributor" or a "research assistant". In other cases, research paper ghostwriter, the ghostwriter receives no official credit for writing a book or article; in cases where the credited author or the publisher or both wish to conceal the ghostwriter's role, the ghostwriter may be asked to sign a nondisclosure contract that legally forbids any mention of the writer's role in a project.
Some have made the distinction between "author" and "writer", as ghostwriter Kevin Anderson explains in a Washington Post interview: "A ghostwriter is an interpreter and a translator, not an author, which is why our clients deserve full credit for authoring their books. Ghostwriters are widely used by celebrities and public figures who wish to publish their autobiographies or memoirs. The degree of involvement of the ghostwriter in nonfiction writing projects ranges from minor to substantial.
In some cases, a ghostwriter may be called in just to research paper ghostwriter up, edit, and polish a rough draft of an autobiography or a "how-to" book, research paper ghostwriter. In other cases, the ghostwriter will write an entire book or article based on information, stories, notes, an outline, or interview sessions with the celebrity or public figure, research paper ghostwriter.
The credited author also indicates to the ghostwriter what type research paper ghostwriter style, tone, or "voice" they want in the book.
In some cases, such as with some "how-to" books, diet guides, or cookbooks, a book will be entirely written by a ghostwriter, and the celebrity e. Publishing companies use this strategy to increase the marketability of a book by associating it with a celebrity or well-known figure. In several countries before elections, candidates commission ghostwriters to produce autobiographies for them so as to gain visibility and exposure.
One of John F, research paper ghostwriter. Kennedy 's books Profiles in Courage is almost entirely credited to ghostwriters. A consultant or career-switcher may pay to have a book ghostwritten on a topic in their professional area, to establish or enhance their credibility as an "expert" in their field. For example, a successful salesperson hoping to become a motivational speaker on selling may pay a ghostwriter to write a book on sales techniques.
Often this type of book is published by a self-publishing press or " vanity press "which means that the author is paying to have the book published.
This type of book is typically given away to prospective clients as a promotional tool, rather than being sold in bookstores. Ghostwriters are employed by fiction publishers for several reasons.
In some cases, publishers use ghostwriters to increase the number of books that can be published each year by a well-known, highly marketable author. Ghostwriters mostly pen fictional works for well-known "name" authors in genres such as detective fiction, mysteries, and teen fiction. Additionally, publishers use ghostwriters to write new books for established series where the "author" is a pseudonym. For example, the purported authors of the Nancy Drew and Hardy Boys mysteries, " Carolyn Keene " and " Franklin W.
Dixon ", respectively, are actually pseudonyms for a series of ghostwriters who write books in the same style using a template of basic information about the book's characters and their fictional universe names, dates, research paper ghostwriter, speech patternsresearch paper ghostwriter, and about the tone and style that are expected in the book for more information, research paper ghostwriter, see pseudonyms and pen names.
In addition, ghostwriters are often given copies of several of the previous books in the series to help them match the style. The estate of gothic novelist V. Andrews hired ghostwriter Andrew Neiderman to continue writing novels after her death, under her name and in a similar style to her original works. Research paper ghostwriter of action writer Tom Clancy 's books from the s bear the names of two people on their covers, with Clancy's name in larger print and the other author's name in smaller print.
Various books bearing Clancy's name were written by different authors under the same pseudonym. The first two books in the Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell franchise were written by Raymond Benson under the pseudonym David Michaels. Sometimes famous authors will ghostwrite for other celebrities as well, such as when H.
Lovecraft ghostwrote "Imprisoned with the Pharaohs" also known as "Under the Pyramids" for Harry Houdini in Weird Tales in the s. Pascendiresearch paper ghostwriter, for instance, was written by Joseph Lemius —the procurator in Rome of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate. Ghostwriting is considered to be academic dishonesty and can lead to repercussions if detected by universities, [23] although it is not illegal in the United States, United Kingdom and Germany.
There are ghostwriting companies [25] and freelancers [26] that sell entrance essays, term papers, theses and dissertations to students.
Such services are commonly known as " essay mills ". Although academic ghostwriting involves the research paper ghostwriter of academic texts that are written on demand, it differs from plagiarism in that it does not involve an undisclosed appropriation of existing texts.
As opposed to cases of plagiarism that stem from a copy-and-paste reuse of previous work, essays and assignments that are obtained through ghostwriting services as a rule have the originality of their text confirmed by plagiarism detection software packages or research paper ghostwriter services that are widely used by universities.
Universities have developed strategies to combat such academic services, which can be associated with academic fraudthat are offered to students and researchers. Some universities allow professors to give students oral examinations on papers which a professor believes to be ghostwritten. If the student is unfamiliar with the content of an essay that he or she has submitted, then the student can be charged with academic fraud. With medical ghostwriting, pharmaceutical companies pay professional writers to produce papers and then pay other scientists or physicians research paper ghostwriter attach their names to these papers before they are published in medical or scientific journals.
Medical ghostwriting has been criticized by a variety of professional organizations [28] [29] representing the drug industry, publishers, research paper ghostwriter, and medical societies, and it may violate American laws prohibiting off-label promotion by drug manufacturers as well as anti-kickback provisions within the statutes governing Medicare. It is permitted at some institutions, research paper ghostwriter clarify ] including the University of Washington School of Medicine[33] [34] [ verification research paper ghostwriter ] while it is prohibited and considered a particularly pernicious form of plagiarism at others, such as Tufts University School of Medicine.
Professional medical writers can write papers without being listed as authors of the paper and without being considered ghostwriters, provided their role is acknowledged. The European Medical Writers Association have published guidelines which aim to ensure professional medical writers carry out this role in an ethical and responsible manner, research paper ghostwriter. Some websites, including blogsare ghostwritten, because not all authors have the information technology skills or the time to dedicate to running a website.
Nonetheless, the style, tone and content is modeled on that of the credited author. Many website ghostwriters are freelance but some are freelancers who work under contractas with radio presenters and television presenters.
Occasionally a "house pseudonym", or collective name is used by the author of the website. Some celebrities, CEOsor public figures set up blog websites—sometimes as a marketing, public relations, or lobbying tool, research paper ghostwriter. However, since these individuals are typically too busy to write their blog posts, they hire discreet ghostwriters to post to the blog under the celebrity or CEO's name.
As with nonfiction ghostwriting, the blog ghostwriter models their writing style, content and tone on that of the credited author. This goes for social media as well. Many public figures have ghostwriters at least partially handle their Facebook and Twitter accounts, among others. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is an example of a well-known composer who was paid to ghostwrite music for wealthy patrons.
More recently, composers such as the UK-based Patric Standford born in have ghostwritten for symphonic recordings and films such as the Rod McKuen Cello Concerto. In the early years of film, David Raksin worked as music research paper ghostwriter and orchestrator for Charlie Chaplin ; even though Chaplin was credited as the score writer, he was considered to be a "hummer" pejorative film industry slang for a person who purports to be a film score composer but who in fact only gives a general idea of the melodies to a ghostwriter.
The practice is also common in television, as composers listed on cue research paper ghostwriter are entitled to music royalties every time an episode or theme score appears on research paper ghostwriter. A investigation by The Hollywood Reporter revealed that it was especially prevalent among animation companies such as Saban EntertainmentDiCRuby-Spears Productions and Hanna-Barberawhich often listed company executives as musicians for the purpose of royalties.
Musical ghostwriting also occurs in popular music. When a record company wants to market an inexperienced young singer as a singer-songwriter, or help a veteran bandleader coping with writer's block or a lack of motivation to finish the next albuman experienced songwriter may be discreetly brought in to help.
A ghostwriter providing this type of service may be thanked, without reference to the service provided, research paper ghostwriter the album credits, or they may be a true 'ghost', with no acknowledgement in the album. Legal disputes have arisen when musical ghostwriters have tried to claim royalties when an allegedly ghostwritten song becomes a money-making hit.
InDarryl Neudorf was asked to work on a project for Nettwerk Productions involving a newly signed artist in their repertoire named Sarah McLachlan. This recording, research paper ghostwriter, the album Touchresulted in garnering the interest of Arista Records, research paper ghostwriter.
She signed a multi-album contract with them and two of the songs that Neudorf worked on with her became commercial hits in Canada.
InNeudorf was invited back to work with McLachlan on her second album, Solace. Inhe filed a lawsuit against McLachlan research paper ghostwriter her label, Nettwerkalleging that he had made a significant and uncredited contribution to the songwriting on Touchand alleging that he wasn't paid properly for work done on Solace, research paper ghostwriter.
The judge in this suit eventually ruled in McLachlan's favour on the songs; though Neudorf may have contributed to the songwriting, neither regarded each other as joint authors, research paper ghostwriter.
How to Write a Paper in a Weekend (By Prof. Pete Carr)
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A ghostwriter is hired to write literary or journalistic works, speeches, or other texts that are officially credited to another person as the blogger.comities, executives, participants in timely news stories, and political leaders often hire ghostwriters to draft or edit autobiographies, memoirs, magazine articles, or other written material Working with Esl Cheap Essay Ghostwriter Site Au an essay writing service is absolutely safe if it provides % original and non-plagiarized papers. Esl Cheap Essay Ghostwriter Site Au The best essay writing services ensure that every paper written by their writer passes through the plagiarism checker tool so that the customer gets a plagiarism-free paper Without a doubt, Dissertation Introduction Ghostwriter Service a dissertation is one of the most important and hard-to-write papers. But we are able to lift this enormous burden from your shoulders by crafting a thoroughly researched and well-written dissertation for you
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